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norskBlar i forfatter "Elberling, Bo"
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Carbon stocks and fluxes in the high latitudes: Using site-level data to evaluate Earth system models
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-11-17)It is important that climate models can accurately simulate the terrestrial carbon cycle in the Arctic due to the large and potentially labile carbon stocks found in permafrost-affected environments, which can lead to a positive climate feedback, along with the possibility of future carbon sinks from northward expansion of vegetation under climate warming. Here we evaluate the simulation of tundra ... -
Deepened snow enhances gross nitrogen cycling among Pan-Arctic tundra soils during both winter and summer
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-07-10)Many Arctic regions currently experience an increase in winter snowfall as a result of climate change. Deepened snow can enhance thermal insulation of the underlying soil during winter, resulting in warmer soil temperatures that promote soil microbial nitrogen (N)-cycle processes and the availability of N and other nutrients. We conducted an <i>ex situ</i> study comparing the effects of deepened ... -
Deepened winter snow increases stem growth and alters stem δ13C and δ15N in evergreen dwarf shrub Cassiope tetragona in high-arctic Svalbard tundra
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-04-14)Abstract Deeper winter snow is hypothesized to favor shrub growth and may partly explain the shrub expansion observed in many parts of the arctic during the last decades, potentially triggering biophysical feedbacks including regional warming and permafrost thawing.Weexperimentally tested the effects of winter snow depth on shrub growth and ecophysiology by measuring stem length and stem hydrogen ... -
Deepened winter snow significantly influences the availability and forms of nitrogen taken up by plants in High Arctic tundra
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-05-13)Climate change may alter nutrient cycling in Arctic soils and plants. Deeper snow during winter, as well as summer warming, could increase soil temperatures and thereby the availability of otherwise limiting nutrients such as nitrogen (N). We used fences to manipulate snow depths in Svalbard for 9 consecutive years, resulting in three snow regimes: 1) <i>Ambient</i> with a maximum snow depth of ... -
Deeper snow alters soil nutrient availability and leaf nutrient status in high Arctic tundra
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-02-24)Nitrogen (N) mineralization, nutrient availability, and plant growth in the Arctic are often restricted by low temperatures. Predicted increases of cold-season temperatures may be important for plant nutrient availability and growth, given that N mineralization is also taking place during the cold season. Changing nutrient availability may be reflected in plant N and chlorophyll content and lead to ... -
Distinct summer and winter bacterial communities in the active layer of Svalbard permafrost revealed by DNA- and RNA-based analyses
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-04-30)The active layer of soil overlaying permafrost in the Arctic is subjected to dramatic annual changes in temperature and soil chemistry, which likely affect bacterial activity and community structure. We studied seasonal variations in the bacterial community of active layer soil from Svalbard (78°N) by co-extracting DNA and RNA from 12 soil cores collected monthly over a year. PCR amplicons of 16S ... -
Ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi respond differently to long-term experimentally increased snow depth in the High Arctic
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-10-12)Changing climate is expected to alter precipitation patterns in the Arctic, with consequences for subsurface temperature and moisture conditions, community structure, and nutrient mobilization through microbial belowground processes. Here, we address the effect of increased snow depth on the variation in species richness and community structure ... -
Large loss of CO2 in winter observed across the northern permafrost region
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-10-21)Recent warming in the Arctic, which has been amplified during the winter, greatly enhances microbial decomposition of soil organic matter and subsequent release of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). However, the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> released in winter is not known and has not been well represented by ecosystem models or empirically based estimates. Here we synthesize regional in situ observations ... -
Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-09-26)The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and climate. A better understanding of how environmental factors shape plant structure and function is crucial for predicting the consequences of environmental change for ecosystem functioning. Here we explore the biome-wide relationships ... -
Snow cover and extreme winter warming events control flower abundance of some, but not all species in high arctic Svalbard
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013)The High Arctic winter is expected to be altered through ongoing and future climate change. Winter precipitation and snow depth are projected to increase and melt out dates change accordingly. Also, snow cover and depth will play an important role in protecting plant canopy from increasingly more frequent extreme winter warming events. Flower production of many Arctic plants is dependent on melt ... -
The tundra phenology database: more than two decades of tundra phenology responses to climate change
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-05-11)Observations of changes in phenology have provided some of the strongest signals of the effects of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems. The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX), initiated in the early 1990s, established a common protocol to measure plant phenology in tundra study areas across the globe. Today, this valuable collection of phenology measurements depicts the responses of ... -
Tundra Trait Team: A database of plant traits spanning the tundra biome
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-10-22)<p><i>Motivation</i>: The Tundra Trait Team (TTT) database includes field‐based measurements of key traits related to plant form and function at multiple sites across the tundra biome. This dataset can be used to address theoretical questions about plant strategy and trade‐offs, trait–environment relationships and environmental filtering, and trait variation across spatial scales, to validate satellite ... -
Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-02-18)Snow is an important driver of ecosystem processes in cold biomes. Snow accumulation determines ground temperature, light conditions and moisture availability during winter. It also affects the growing season’s start and end, and plant access to moisture and nutrients. Here, we review the current knowledge of the snow cover’s role for vegetation, plant-animal interactions, permafrost conditions, ...
